Detroit and the Great Migration, 1916-1929 by Elizabeth Anne Martin
Chapter 7 References
[1] David M. Katzman, Before the Ghetto: Black Detroit in the Nineteenth Century (Urbana: University of Illinois press, 1973), p.103.
[2] Carter G. Woodson, A Century of Negro Migration (New York: AMS Press, 1970), p.186.
[3] Forrester B. Washington, The Negro in Detroit: A Survey of the Conditions of a Negro Group in a Northern Industrial Center During the War Prosperity Period (Detroit: 1920), p.40.9.
[4] Report, Nov.15, 1917, Box 74, Detroit Urban League Papers, Michigan Historical Collections, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
[5] Detroit Free Press, July 16, 1923.
[6] Detroit Herald, Nov.30, 1916.
[7] Washington, The Negro in Detroit, p.64.
[8] Detroit Free Press, July 12, 1925.
[9] Detroiter, July 16, 1923.
[10] Detroit Saturday Night, Dec.3, 1927.
[11] See pp.31-32.
[12] David A. Levine, Internal Combustion: The Races in Detroit, 1915-1926 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1976), p.201.
[13] John Dancy to James Inches, Police Commissioner, Nov.17, 1920, Box 1, Detroit Urban League Papers.
[14] Detroit Independent, Sep.30, 1927.
[15] Inches to Dancy, Nov.13, 1920, Box 1, Detroit Urban League Papers.
[16] Minutes of Meeting at Elks Restaurant, Oct.24, 1923, Box 1, Ibid.
[17] Mayor's Interracial Committee, The Negro in Detroit, v.9: 14-15.
[18] Detroit Police Department, Office of the Superintendent, "General Order Number 102," Dec.16, 1920, Box 1, Detroit Urban League Papers.
[19] Walter White, "Negro Segregation Comes North," The Nation (October 21, 1925): 459.
[20] Minutes of Meeting at Elks Restaurant, Oct.24, 1923, Box 1, Detroit Urban League Papers.
[21] Mayor's Interracial Committee, The Negro in Detroit, v.9: 22.
[22] Minutes of the Advisory Board of Meeting of the Michigan Department of Labor and Industry Division of Negro Welfare and Statistics, June 8, 1926, Box 1, Detroit Urban League Papers.
[23] Annual REport of the Detroit Urban League, Jan.20, 1921, Box 11, Ibid.
[24] Eugene Kinckle Jones to John Dancy, May 8, 1926, Box 1, Ibid.
[25] Minutes, Apr.21, 1927, Box 11, Ibid.
[26] Anne Sprague to Dancy, Nov.5, 1929, Box 1, Ibid.
[27] John C. Dancy, Sand Against the Wind: The Memoirs of John C. Dancy (Detroit: Wayne State University, 1966), p.97.
[28] Report of the Board of Directors of the Detroit Urban League, April 1926, Box 11, Detroit Urban League Papers.
[29] Ibid.
[30] Washington to Dancy, June 13, 1927, Box 1, Detroit Urban League Papers.
[31] Dancy, Sand Against the Wind, p.169.
[32] A. G. Studer, One Hundred Years with Youth: The Study of the Detroit YMCA, 1852-1952, (Unpublished book, 1952), Michigan Historical Collections, p.37.
[33] This phenomenon is best seen in correspondence files in the Detroit Urban League Papers. Many whites wrote the director of the Urban League to commend him and his organization or to offer support or advice, but almost all of these individuals wrote in terms of "you" and "we" when referring to the white and Black races.
[34] Urban League Board Minutes, Feb., 1921, Box 11, Ibid.