Pacifism
Not all Ameicans supported the war, particularly many religious groups and women's societies. One notable American pacifist was Henry Ford, who privately funded a peace expedition to Europe. World War I also saw the rise of what is commonly called conscientious objectors, those who opposed military service. A number of these citizens were placed in prisoner of war style military camps during the war.
Collections
Angela Morgan Papers
American poet and novelist, author of numerous poems (some with anti-war themes), and participant in International Congress of Women at The Hague in 1915 and subsequent activities of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Correspondence, drafts of writings, pamphlets, newspaper clippings and other papers relating to her activities as a pacifist and her literary interests; also material on World War I peace movement concerning International Congress of Women, Ford Peace Ship, American Neutral Conference Committee, Emergency Peace Federation, Fellowship of Reconciliation, Bureau of Legal First Aid, People’s Council of America and New York City branch of the Woman’s Peace Party; also scattered papers, 1861-1922, of her father, Albert T. Morgan, who came to Mississippi after the Civil War; and photographs.
Finding Aid available online.
Photo postcard of men in dining hall of
Conscientious Objector War Prison Camp,
Fort Douglas, Utah - Thanksgiving 1919.
Arthur Dunham Papers, Box 33, Fort Douglas,
Utah CO Prison Camp 1919-1920
Arthur Dunham Photograph Series
Social worker, professor in the School of Social Work at the University of Michigan. Portraits and family photos; photos relating to his work, including Social Service Exchanges (1920s) and community development seminars (1950s-1960s); photos of a World War I conscientious objector prison camp at Fort Douglas, Utah; and photos of an Ann Arbor Friends meeting.
Finding Aid available online.
Rebecca Shelley Papers
Pacifist, participant in World War I peace movement and later peace activities, member of Fellowship of Reconciliation, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, and Women Strike for Peace. Correspondence, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, periodicals, reports, photographs, and other materials relating to the International Congress of Women, 1915, the Ford Peace Ship, the American Neutral Conference Committee, the Emergency Peace Federation, and the People's Council of America.
Finding Aid available online.
Carl Ernest Schmidt Scrapbooks
Detroit, Michigan, German-American businessman. Newspaper clippings, printed articles, photographs, ink drawings,and handwritten sections concerning his role on the Detroit Board of Police Commissioners, 1892-1894, the State Board of Arbitration and Mediation, 1897-1898, and the State Forest Inquiry Commission, 1907-1908; also material concerning travel to, and activities at, his Iosco County, Michigan, retreat, Walhalla, and his experimental farm and recreation resort also in Iosco County; and material concerning German-American social activities and pacifism in World War I; the forest fire in Au Sable and Oscoda in 1911; and manuscript written by Joseph Labadie on a 1909 trip taken with Carl Schmidt.
Finding Aid available online.
Arthur Dunham Papers
Social worker, professor in the School of Social Work at the University of Michigan. Professional files relating to his work with various social service and child welfare agencies, and concerning his interest in community development, community organization, and social welfare administration; files relating to the Society of Friends, especially the meeting of the Ann Arbor Friends; correspondence and other materials concerning pacifism and his experiences in prison as a conscientious objector during World War I; diary, 1947-1950, of Curtis Osborn, detailing operation of Jane Wayland Children’s Home in Phoenix, Arizona; and photographs.
Finding Aid available online.
Harold Studley Gray Papers
Conscientious objector during World Wars I and II and founder of the farming cooperative Saline Valley Farms. Correspondence, diaries, notebooks, and other materials relating to all phases of his career, including his work as Y.M.C.A. worker in England, 1916-1917, and as teacher at Central China University, Wuchang, China, 1922-1926; also family correspondence of Philip H. and Almena S. Gray, 1874-1926; also photographs and motion pictures. Correspondents include: Brent D. Allinson, Roger N. Baldwin, James O. Bennett, Zhang Fuliang, Maxwell Chaplin, James J. Couzens, Henry H. Crane, Arthur Dunham, Sherwood Eddy, Harold E. Fey, William P. Hapgood, Ammon A. Hennacy, Edgar D. Jones, Paul Jones, Frederick H. Libby, Erling H. Lunde, Charles C. Morrison, John R. Mott, A. J. Muste, Walter M. Nelson, Kirby Page, David R. Porter, John N. Sayre, Mark R. Shaw, John M. Swomley, Emma Mattoon Thomas, Evan W. Thomas, Norman Thomas, and Harold M. Vaughan.
Finding Aid available online.